# stixfonts

OpenType Unicode fonts for Scientific, Technical, and Mathematical texts

## Overview

### Type 1 fonts (STIX 2.0.0 only)

The STIX Two fonts are OpenType fonts and are meant to be used in that format. For the benefit of users who are unable to use or lua, we have also provided version 2.0.0 of the STIX fonts as a set of TFM files and Type 1 fonts.

Note that no further updates are planned to the Type 1 distribution; future development efforts will focus on improving the OpenType fonts.

The Scientific and Technical Information eXchange (STIX) fonts are intended to satisfy the demanding needs of authors, publishers, printers, and others working in the scientific, medical, and technical fields. They combine a comprehensive Unicode-based collection of mathematical symbols and alphabets with a set of text faces suitable for professional publishing. The fonts are available royalty-free under the SIL Open Font License.

Version 2 of the STIX fonts, now known as "STIX Two", is a thorough revision undertaken by the renowned type house Tiro Typeworks Ltd. (https://www.tiro.com). The STIX Two fonts consist of one Math font, two variable text fonts (STIXTwoTextVF-Roman and STIXTwoTextVF-Italic), and eight static text fonts (Regular, Italic, Medium, Medium Italic, SemiBold, SemiBold Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic) derived from the variable fonts. Together, they provide a uniform set of fonts that can be used throughout the production process, whether that be a traditional print-only process, an entirely electronic one, or a combination of the two.

The STIX project began through the joint efforts of American Mathematical Society (AMS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), American Physical Society (APS), American Chemical Society (ACS), The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and Elsevier. These companies are collectively known as the STI Pub companies.

### A Fresh Take on Times Roman

The original version of STIX was based on Times Roman, which has now been updated for the digital age.

As is well known, Times Roman was originally intended for printing the London Times. What is not generally appreciated is that the production quality of the Times was atypically high: It was printed on unusually high-quality paper on presses that operated more slowly than most newspaper presses. This allowed for the design of a typeface that could exploit this level of care: serifs could be much finer and counters (enclosed areas such as that in the lowercase e) could be much smaller than in other newspaper typefaces. These features of the font have not always fared well in less exacting environments. At the same time, a notable quirk of the Times Roman family is that the bold font is, in many respects, strikingly dissimilar to the roman font.

Tiro Typeworks explain their approach to updating the Times Roman basis of STIX as follows:

“Our principal goal in approaching STIX Two was to address several
inherent deficiencies in the Times New Roman model as well as expand
the typographic features. This process necessarily involved
diverging somewhat from Times as familiar to people who have only
known the common digital versions, while simultaneously restoring to
that typeface aspects of the size-appropriate design characteristics
that made it so successful in newspaper, book, and journal
publishing in it’s metal type incarnation. The essential
‘Times-ness’ remains, but are with greater harmonisation of style
across the family.

“Most digital versions of Times have been based on an optical size
model that appears too light and fine when scaled down to typical
text sizes. In the design of STIX Two, we went back to specimens of
size-specific designs from the metal era, and adapted proportions,
weights, and spacing of the 10pt and 12pt designs. The oft-noted
mismatch between the style of different weights of Times has been
resolved with a new bold design that matches the construction of the
regular weight.”

### Font implementation decisions

• The STIX fonts do not contain fixed-width or sans serif text faces.
• The sans serif, fraktur, script, etc., alphabets in Plane 1 (U+1D400-U+1D4FF) are intended to be used only as technical symbols.
• These fonts are designed to support left-to-right typesetting in Latin-based scripts, with additional support for Greek and Cyrillic text. Extensions to support other writing directions have been considered, but are currently deemed to be outside the scope of the STIX project.

### Note to TeX users

These fonts have been tested with both and lua with good results. For best results, users will want to use version 0.999992 or later of , which ships with Live 2020. This version fixes a number of bugs that were present in earlier versions. Our thanks go out to Jonathan Kew and Khaled Hosny for their generous help in identifying and fixing these bugs. users should also make sure they have the latest version of the amsmath package.

## Summary of OpenType Features and Scripts

Further details these features can be found in the font charts.

The text fonts implement the following OpenType script tags:

Regular   Bold      Italic    BoldItalic

DFLT      DFLT      DFLT      DFLT          Default
cyrl      cyrl      cyrl      cyrl          Cyrillic
cyrl.MKD  cyrl.MKD      Cyrillic/Macedonian
cyrl.SRB  cyrl.SRB      Cyrillic/Serbian
grek      grek      grek      grek          Greek
latn      latn      latn      latn          Latin
latn.LTH  latn.LTH  latn.LTH  latn.LTH      Latin/Lithuanian
latn.ROM  latn.ROM  latn.ROM  latn.ROM      Latin/Romanian
latn.TRK  latn.TRK  latn.TRK  latn.TRK      Latin/Turkish

and the following features

c2sc    Small Capitals from Capitals
case    Case-Sensitive Forms
ccmp    Glyph Composition/Decomposition
dnom    Denominators
frac    Fractions
kern    Kerning
liga    Standard Ligatures -- latn only
locl    Localized Forms    -- latn.ROM and Italic/BoldItalic cyrl.MKD only
numr    Numerators
onum    Oldstyle Figures
pnum    Proportional Figures
smcp    Small Capitals
subs    Subscript
sups    Superscript

All four text fonts also support the following Character Variants:

cv01    U+019B Lambda with horizontal, not slanted stroke -- latn only
cv02    U+0264 Rams horn with serifs -- latn only
cv03    U+2423 OPEN BOX curved instead of straight

In addition, the Italic and BoldItalic faces support the following Stylistic Variants:

ss01    Replace two-story g by hooked g      -- Italic/BoldItalic only
ss02    Upright parens, brackets, and braces -- Italic/BoldItalic only

STIX Two Math implements the following font features:

ccmp    Glyph Composition/Decomposition
dtls    Dotless forms of i and j
flac    Flattened accents
ssty    Math Script style alternates

and the following Character Variant (note the different meaning compared to the text fonts):

cv03    Replace U2205 EMPTY SET by an oblate form

and the following Stylistic Sets (again, note that ss01 and ss02 have different meanings compared to the text fonts):

ss01    Stylistic Set 1 -- Math chancery to roundhand (\mathcal -> \mathscr)
ss02    Stylistic Set 2 -- Alternate italic forms: g, u, v, w, z
ss03    Stylistic Set 3 -- Horizontal crossbar variants
ss04    Stylistic Set 4 -- Minute, second and primes to long variants
ss05    Stylistic Set 5 -- Short arrow variants
ss06    Stylistic Set 6 -- Short/narrow variants
ss07    Stylistic Set 7 -- Alternate math symbols (product, summation, etc)
ss08    Stylistic Set 8 -- Upright integral variants; XITS compatible
ss09    Stylistic Set 9 -- Vertical slash variants; XITS compatible
ss10    Stylistic Set 10 -- Diagonal greater/lesser combination variants
ss11    Stylistic Set 11 -- Long slash not-equal combination variants
ss12    Stylistic Set 12 -- Low contrast (sans-like) variants
ss13    Stylistic Set 13 -- Horizontally flipped sine wave glyph
ss14    Stylistic Set 14 -- Tall variants
ss15    Stylistic Set 15 -- Slab serif symbol variants
ss16    Stylistic Set 16 -- Circled operator variants
ss20    Stylistic Set 20 -- Miscellaneous variants

## Build instructions

After cloning the project, the fonts can be built using the build.sh script (use --verbose option for more detailed build log):

\$ ./build.sh

This may take several minutes to complete. The first time the script is called, it will create a Python virtual environment that will be also used for subsequent builds. Each time the script is called, the fonts will be rebuilt from scratch. The built fonts will be in build subdirectory, and should be manually copied and committed to fonts subdirectory.

### Notes on source formats and build process

The design masters for the STIX Two Text fonts are the .vfj files, a json source format used by FontLab 7. These files contain the glyph outlines, spacing, mark anchors, kerning and associated classes, font info, and variable design space info. Changes or additions to any of these things should be made in the .vfj files.

The build script used to generate font files uses the .ufo and .designspace files, not the .vfj sources directly. These files can be exported from FontLab 7 using the default export profile for ‘DesignSpace + UFO’.

The .ren files are glyph name management files used by the build script to manage the relationship of development names in the sources to the build names used in the post or CFF tables of the fonts.

Because of issues with editing and managing OpenType Layout GPOS in variable font sources, the OTL projects for the STIX Two Text fonts are built in Microsoft’s Visual OpenType Layout Tool (VOLT). This means changes to OTL, including updates to mark anchors and kerning implemented in the .vfj sources need to be passed through VOLT, updated in the .vtp VOLT project files, and compiled in .input.ttf which are then used by the build script as a source for the OTL tables in the fonts.

Obviously, any changes or extension to the glyph set in the .vfj design sources needs to be reflected in each of the other sources used in the build process: in the .ufo files, the .ren file glyph name lists, and especially in the .input.ttf files and .vtp project files. Fresh .input.ttf files can be exported from FontLab 7, opened in VOLT, and the .vtp project files imported and updated.

Note that if changes or updates are made to mark anchors or kerning or associated classes in the .vfj sources, these need to be converted to VOLT format and imported into the projects, replacing or updating existing VOLT lookups and groups. This can be done using the vfj-to-volt.py tool.

The revised .vtp files should then be exported for future use, and the .input.ttf fonts shipped from VOLT (this is important, because although the fonts will work if just compiled and saved in VOLT, they will contain private VOLT source tables and unregistered OTL features that will be then end up in the fonts generated by the build script; so use the ‘Ship Font’ option in VOLT and overwrite the .input.ttf file (save a copy with the VOLT project, if you like, but so long as you remembered to export the updated .vtp you can always reimport as needed)).

IMPORTANT : the STIXTwoMath-Regular.input.ttf file is also the source for the MATH table and cmap table in the final font build. Care must be taken to preserve or extend these as necessary in this file when updating OpenType Layout or other aspects of the font.

Once all the source files are ready, run the build.sh as described above. The build script describes what it is doing as it runs, and verbose mode can be used to get more detail. In overview, this is what it does:

1. Pre-process the UFO files to:

a) remove all features and kerning groups from the UFOs; b) rename the glyphs to match the TTFs (otherwise the binary tables can’t be grafted in with FontTools easily); c) extract the binary tables and add them under data/com.github.fonttools.ttx/ in the UFO font where ufo2ft expects them; d) save the modified files in build/masters to keep the sources unchanged.

1. Build variable font with fontmake from build/masters UFOs.
2. Build binary masters with fontmake (needed for the next step) from UFOs.
3. Build static fonts with fontmake from UFOs, but telling it to interpolate OTL tables from the binary masters.
4. Post-process the fonts to fix the name tables and other final touchups.